The relationship between semantics and phonology is generally denied (Archangeli & Pulleyblank, 1994: 5, 433). That is, semantic and phonological changes usually apply independently. Phonological processes of Persian which convert a phonemic representation to its phonetic representation mostly do not involve any meaning changes. However, there are few idiosyncratic words in Persian whose phonetic representations which are used in the colloquial style differ in meaning from their phonemic representations. Various types of semantic changes including extensionand restriction of meaning or both, in addition to pragmatic changes occur in these words. In some cases the meaning changes accompany a change in spelling too. This research addresses phonology-semantics interaction using “ lexical-access constraints” (Boersma, 2001), in optimality theory as the sole theory to make the analysis of phonology-semantics interaction to some extent possible. Furthermore, some of these interactions occur to save energy and to make less muscular effort. This is usually discussed in functional rather than formal approaches. Following Kirchner (1989) this research integrates functionalism and formalism in optimality theory to deal with this issue.

One of the constant subjects of debate in language has been the changes in different types of it. The changes have sometimes occurred in its structure or grammar and sometimes in its linguistic categories, phonemes, or meanings, which all take place in the aforementioned sections with the passage of time. Semantic changes are the most significant ones -a triple discussion of grammar and a neglected area in linguistic discussions. However, vocabulary books and dictionaries have just focused on the multiple meanings of words without alluding to such changes. Actually, if a research is carried out in this regard, it will turn to be a special reference book or a dictionary in some volumes. The present study is an attempt to examine the element of dependence of distinctive term “Nafar” in terms of semantic and categorical changes and to reveal its various constituents and current uses.    

Taboo words are the words indicating taboo concepts or the gained negative load in society. Most taboo words and euphemism lose their negative and positive meanings in the course of time. Among the signs of the effects of culture, values and beliefs of society on language are taboo words. Here we are going to study the relation of language and society in order to follow some linguistic changes. We inductively study the how and the why changes in some taboo words of some semantic fields. The results show that social attitudes, cultural taboos and prestige are the reasons of changes.

In this article, the writer examines certain words that are common among Persian, Hindi and Urdu. The purpose of the writer is to show the historical and cultural interaction of Iran with the sub-continent. The paper is based on the views of the eminent historical linguist Anthony Arlotto on semantic changes at word level. The writer discusses the semantic changes of certain Persian words in the subcontinent languages compared with their current meanings as evidenced by dictionaries. The words selected for this purpose are discussed under four headings: emergence of meaning, semantic extension, semantic reduction, and change of signified.

Arabic words in Persian language has undergone major changes and transformation in meaning. By various reasons, many of these words lost their meaning and found another meaning over the years. So if these words go to another language with the same meaning that we can claim the Persian word go not Arabic. So far, there has been an attempt to explain the evolution of the meaning of these words Semantic change, Increase, the challenge of methodical learning Arabic and translations to these language. This article analyzed the reasons these words, evolution and explored the transformation semantic and change of these words and explained the extent of these change. facilitate the process of to learn Arabic. The authors have expressed influences of Religious, cultural, psychological and linguistic factors in semantic transformation of Arabic words in Persian with numerous examples. The results indicated that the semantic change happen in Arabic words in the form of semantic reduction, semantic expansion and semantic Variance.

Semantic changes in words, enriching the vocabulary of each language, make it possible for poets and literary experts to enliven the lexis and create an artistic piece of work. Enriching the vocabulary of languages, including Russian and Persian, is done in different ways, one of the most important one being the use of tools such as suffixing, prefixing, root combinations, etc., based on the specific patterns of word-making in the language. In addition to this main method, the lexis of a language can be used for other concepts apart from its original meaning. (cf. Bear: Animal; Bear: Human, Irony of the clumsy). Due to the proximity and juxtaposition of morphemes in word-making, some changes may occur in words.Accordingly, in this article, by analyzing semantic changes in lexis in Russian and Persian, it is established that conceptualization and enrichment of a vocabulary is due not only to the effect of word creations, but also to the help of lexis in language, by which speakers can take care of their needs for words by semantic changes of the lexis.ect the teaching of Zarathustra and developments are not due to ruptures and breaks in the tradition or because of influence of other religions. The third approach (diversifying) regards the combined evidence of Avesta and Pahlavi books as a variegated elastic tradition rather than a strict doctrinal system, and describes the Mazdeism of Sasanian as an active efficient religion.

The term loanword reflects the reciprocal influence between countries and cultures that share historical, cultural, religious, economic, and political ties. For instance, Arabic and Persian are two languages with a shared lexical reservoir resulting from their historical and civilizational interactions. The influence of Arabic on Persian is evident in the incorporation of Arabic-origin words into Persian’s linguistic repertoire. However, Persian has often altered the meanings of some loanwords, leading to semantic overlaps that pose challenges for Arab students learning Persian and for translators. For this reason, this article examines such vocabulary, aiming to compile a catalog of these words, classify them, and deduce the principles Persian employs in adapting these terms. The study is limited to words collected by researchers from various sources and identified in dictionaries as being of Arabic origin and borrowed into Persian. The findings indicate that Persian has not integrated the meanings of some Arabic words into its lexicon as they are but has instead adapted them with new meanings according to its linguistic needs. Verbs, compound nouns, and adjectives are among the categories most affected by semantic changes, often resulting in ambiguity and confusion for Arab students and translators.

The semantic look of the text and the semantic analysis of its vocabulary is one of the ways to achieve the meaning of time and to find out the main purpose of the speaker. This kind of look, in particular in a religious text like the Qurān, which has several semantic levels, becomes more and more important because of the importance of the message and its role in providing eternal bliss of mankind.One of the most important features of Arabic Language is the structural changes of words that include items such as integration, substitution, derivation, and etc. In their research, scholars and commentators of the Quran have just explained about the structure of the words and have not discussed the structural relation of those words in the context they are located. In this paper, the semantic approach has been adapted to investigate this issue. Thus, analyzing the structural changes in Al-Araf Surah, Explaining the application of semantic analyzes in identifying the structural changes of Quranic vocabulary the present study makes clear that the structural changes never occurred coincidentally, however, an exact as well as profound relationship of proportionality lies between the semantic style and structural changes of words. These semantic relationships cause a variety of morphological change of the words and consequently diverse interpretations are applied. This article analyzes this principle using a descriptive-analytic as well as a semantic approach in Al-Araf Surah.

It is believed that language is a systematic and interconnected set that, while integrated and organized, is constantly evolving and changing. One of the most extensive areas undergoing the evolution of this system is the semantic and structural area. Following these developments in the historical-geographical study of the words of Bayhaqi’ s History Book in the East Khorasan Razavi region (Taybad), we have reached the point that although nearly a thousand years have passed since the writing of this work, today it still has words in the local dialect of the people of this region. They can have evolved in three ways: either they are used in the same way used in Beyhaqi history book (in pronunciation and meaning), or they have undergone semantic changes along with phonetic changes, or they have changed completely semantically despite maintaining their appearance. This study examined the semantic-structural evolution of some of these words in the dialect of East Khorasan Razavi (Taybad) through field method and relying on library resources while paying attention to the study of the evolution of meaning in language. The results of the present study show that the metamorphosis of semantic-structural changes in the words of Bayhaqi’ s History Book in the dialect of East Khorasan Razavi has been more than the type of internal transformation and due to the similarity of the words.